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Consumption of hydrogen water prevents atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice

Ikuroh Ohsawa^{a, b}, Kiyomi Nishimaki^a, Kumi Yamagata^a, Masahiro Ishikawa^a and Shigeo Ohta^{a, ,}

^aDepartment of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Development and Aging Sciences, Nippon Medical School, 1-396 Kosugi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 211-8533, Japan

^bThe Center of Molecular Hydrogen Medicine, Institute of Development and Aging Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan

Received 16 October 2008. 

Available online 6 November 2008.

Abstract

Oxidative stress is implicated in atherogenesis; however most clinical trials with dietary antioxidants failed to show marked success in preventing atherosclerotic diseases. We have found that hydrogen (dihydrogen; H₂) acts as an effective antioxidant to reduce oxidative stress [I. Ohsawa, M. Ishikawa, K. Takahashi, M. Watanabe, K. Nishimaki, K. Yamagata, K. Katsura, Y. Katayama, S, Asoh, S. Ohta, Hydrogen acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals, Nat. Med. 13 (2007) 688–694]. Here, we investigated whether drinking H₂-dissolved water at a saturated level (H₂–water) ad libitum prevents arteriosclerosis using an apolipoprotein E knockout mouse (apoE^−/−), a model of the spontaneous development of atherosclerosis. ApoE^−/− mice drank H₂–water ad libitum from 2 to 6 month old throughout the whole period. Atherosclerotic lesions were significantly reduced by ad libitum drinking of H₂–water (p = 0.0069) as judged by Oil-Red-O staining series of sections of aorta. The oxidative stress level of aorta was decreased. Accumulation of macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions was confirmed. Thus, consumption of H₂-dissolved water has the potential to prevent arteriosclerosis.

Keywords: Antioxidant; ApoE; Arteriosclerosis; Atherogenesis; Dihydrogen; Lifestyle-related disease; Macrophage; Molecular hydrogen; Oxidative stress; Preventive medicine

Artesian Water: Water from a well that taps a confined aquifer (a water-bearing underground layer of rock or sand) in which the water level stands at some height above the top of the aquifer. Rich in minerals. Great for use with Hydrogen Water Sticks.

Spring Water: Water derived from an underground formation from which water flows naturally to the surface of the earth. Generally rich in minerals. Great for use with Hydrogen Water Sticks.

Purified Water: Water that has been produced by distillation, deionization, reverse osmosis, or other suitable processes. Lacking important minerals. Process often necessary to clean local tap water. Strongly suggest adding ionized minerals back into water for use with Hydrogen Water Stick and normal everyday usage.

Distilled Water: Water that has been vaporized into steam, then cooled to re-condense it back into water. The water’s minerals are left behind, leaving only pure tasting steam-distilled water. Lacking important minerals. Process often necessary to clean local tap water. Strongly suggest adding ionized minerals back into water for use with Hydrogen Water Stick and normal everyday usage.

Tap Water: Varies from region to town to town. Be sure to filter Chlorine and Fluoride with good filters. If you don't know what Chlorine and Fluoride can do to you, try Googling the words; tones of reading material on the internet.

Mineral Water: Water that contains no less than 250 parts per million (ppm) total dissolved solids (TDS).

Sterile Water: Water, also known as sterilized water, that meets the requirements under Sterility Tests, in the United States Pharmacopeia, 23d revision.

Carbonated water products (soda water, seltzer water, sparkling water, and tonic water) are considered soft drinks and are not regulated as bottled water.
 

We have and believe in an RO system to purify our water. Interested in the hydrogen stick but your web site tells us that it won't work with mineral-deprived water.  Can we still use our RO system, and just add mineral drops to the water to enable the stick to work?

from Martin

Hi Martin,

Yes, reverse osmosis and distilled water are ok to use. As you mention is is always a good idea to add minerals back into these water types.(Before or after)

Best regards

I pre-washed my Hydrogen Water Stick as suggested, but it is now floating in my water bottle.

from Dave

Dear Dave,

You need to understand that these sticks produce Hydrogen, which is a gas. If you look closely you will see the Hydrogen Water Sticks are covered in a microporous material.

When you first used the Hydrogen Water Sticks, the patented unique microporous sintered polypropylene cover was somewhat dry, thereby trapping bubbles in the microporous material.  This will cause the sticks to float.

As the sticks become more saturated with water, the hydrogen gas bubbles are released and the sticks sink to the bottom. From time to time, the Hydrogen Water Sticks might float again; this is nothing to be concerned about.

Floating or sinking the Hydrogen Water Stick is working. You can't stop them from working once they are activated.

This Hydrogen Water Stick will also bubble more at times than others. It will never bubble like an alkselzer tablet. The reaction is much more subtle.

(2) O2- is further reduced by hydrogen atom H ( active hydrogen radical ), producing active oxygen H2O2 ( hydrogen peroxide ).

(3) H2O2 is further reduced, producing active oxygen HO・（ hydroxyl radical ） and hydroxide anion ( HO- )．

(4) HO・ is reduced by hydrogen atom, producing water ( H2O )

(5) HO- is also reduced by proton ( H+ ), producing water. CONCLUSION Oxygen from the lungs keeps producing active oxygen species ( O2-, H2O2, HO・) in the body, but these kinds of active oxygen species are reduced successively through bonding with atomic hydrogen (active hydrogen ) and eventually revert back to the original water. （

1. O2 ＋ e- → O2-
2. O2- ＋ H・ ＋ H+ → H2O2
3. H2O2 ＋ e- → HO・ ＋ HO-
4. HO・ ＋ H・ → H2O
5. HO- ＋ H+ → H2O

Copyright Water-Institute.org, Dr. Hayashi, MD. All rights reserved.

Dr. Hayashi's Original Hydrogen Rich Water Sticks will produce
6 months of Hydrogen Rich Water
under normal use and care.

Dr. Hidemitsu Hayashi specialized in Cardiovascular Surgery after graduating in 1968 from the Medical School of Kobe University, Japan. In 1985, after 20 years of clinical experiences as a surgeon, he began advanced research on water . Dr. Hayashi would like to share his 25 years of research and documented clinical experience on the health aspects of drinking hydrogen rich water and how it can help improve your health and vitality without side effects.

Dr. Hayashi's research papers on Ionized Water are absolutely the most quoted and referenced Ionized Water research papers on the Internet.

Lucky for all of us, Dr. Hayashi didn't stop his research at Ionized water. He observed the biggest benefit of Ionized Water was that the Ionized Water process made hydrogen readily available to the body as the most powerful anti-oxidant known.

But there was one significant challenge, constraining the Hydrogen in the water until it was ready to be conveniently consumed -- anytime or anywhere. Hydrogen, an extremely light gas dissipates in just a matter of minutes. Leaving the once beneficial Ionized Hydrogen-Rich Water, now  hydrogen poor and energy depleting.

He knew through his research that everyone is hydrogen depleted, but having people sitting all day at their Water Ionizer, normally found on the kitchen counter, waiting to instantly consume their next glass of Ionized hydrogen rich water, before the hydrogen could escape was neither practical or convenient.

Dr. Hayashi realizing that Water Ionizers could never be a practical means of producing Hydrogen-rick water, set out to find a new practical process and methodology. In 2001, he succeeded in developing the "Hydrogen Producing Mineral Stick"  which produced Hydrogen Rich Water very simply, reliably and inexpensively. In December 2005, he was able to improve upon the design and delivery system with a new stick which is made of unique microporous sintered polypropylene as a new patented delivery system.

Hydrogen Rich Water Sticks been sold successfully in Japan for the past 7 years and are now available in America today for you and your family -- to use anywhere and anytime.

Dr. Hayashi's sticks do not share any of the potential negative health hazards that Water Ionizers can produce, namely over alkalizing your drinking water. Dr. Hayashi's sticks do however preserve all the proper positive benefits, namely negative ORP values, safe alkaline pH levels and the enormous benefits of readily available hydrogen rich water - ready whenever and wherever you need it.

Copyright HydrogenWaterStick.com. All rights reserved.

Dr. Hayashi's Original Hydrogen Rich Water Sticks will produce
6 months of Hydrogen Rich Water
under normal use and care.

[1]Tap Water 

[2]Saturated

 Water

HPM stick

[3]1stick

[4]2sticks

[5]3sticks

Dissolved
 Hydrogen
 (mg/l)

0.032

1.490

0.470

0.676

1.203

Water Temp.
 

23

21

19

18

18

Copyright Water-Institute.org, Dr. Hayashi, MD. All rights reserved.

Dr. Hayashi's Original Hydrogen Rich Water Sticks will produce
6 months of Hydrogen Rich Water
under normal use and care.

It is believed that in the near future hydrogen will change our lives from their very foundation.

Something that is attracting a great deal of attention at the moment is the fuel cell automobile. The fuel cell vehicle is based on the principle of running on the energy generated by the chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. This would be the ultimate eco-car because the only byproduct of this reaction is water.

Another reported idea is the use of this same principle for an electrical power generator to be installed in homes as a power source for lighting, heating as well as mechanical application. When this happens, the world would literally change because each household would have its own power station and there would be no more need for thermal, hydro and atomic power plants, as well as power lines and steel towers.

What interests me in particular is that this time comes , it will be extremely simple for every household to produce its own Hydrogen Rich Water.

When Hydrogen Rich Water can be obtained simply, reliably and cheaply, I think the world will change dramatically in a different sense from that mentioned above.

That is, maintaining good health and preventing disease will no longer be considered topics worth discussing, and people will not constantly be making a fuss of diseases (“It’s cancer!” ”It’s diabetes!” ”It’s hay fever!”) as is presently the case.

Also, if you have drunk a little too much alcohol or smoked a little too much, or don’t feel well, or seem to be cathing a cold, or have caught influenza, it would be easy to get rid of the symptoms simply by consciously increasing your intake of Hydrogen Rich Water.

I would like to end with the philosophy I have learned from Hydrogen Rich Water during these past eighteen years. I think hydrogen should be called “ the source.” That is to say, hydrogen, the element with the atomic number One, is the “source” of all the other elements, and the sun, which nurtures all things with its solar energy, is actually a big ball of hydrogen.

At the same time it is hydrogen atom, or active hydrogen, that protects us living organisms from disease.

My conclusion follows below.
I propose that the Creator of the universe, and the Creator of all living things, created hydrogen as the first element in order to protect all its living creatures from disease.

Copyright Water-Institute.org, Dr. Hayashi, MD. All rights reserved.

Dr. Hayashi's Original Hydrogen Rich Water Sticks will produce
6 months of Hydrogen Rich Water
under normal use and care.

I have concluded that modern medicine is nothing more than "medicine to alleviate downstream pollution while leaving upstream pollution alone."

Let me explain the basis of this argument.

When we digest the food we take in by mouth in our stomach and intestines, these digested nutrients are absorbed through the intestinal walls. The nutrients absorbed through the intestinal walls pass through the portal veins and are carried to the liver in that order. The nutrients that are carried to the liver undergo various metabolic processes, after which they pass through the hepatic vein into vena cava inferior and carried to the organs all over the body by general circulation.

That is to say, they are transported in this order:

Liver ► Hepatic vein ► Vena cava inferior ► General circulation ►Organs all over the body.

As a whole, the order is:

Digestive system ► Portal vein ► Liver ► Organs all over the body.

If we think of the liver as a kind of "checkpoint station", the parts of the process that occur before reaching the liver can be referred to as "upstream", and the parts that take place after leaving the liver as "downstream."

As shown in Illustration , the portion from the mouth to the liver can be called as "upstream" ( Lake Ontario : checkpoint before liver) while the organs that come after the liver can be as called as "downstream" (River Saint Lawrence : checkpoint after liver).

Looking at metabolism this way, we see that when the "upstream" is polluted, the "downstream" will become polluted as well. Thus, the disease-causing substances of upstream will cause diseases of downstream.

Now I think you understand my statement that "Modern Medicine is medicine to alleviate downstream pollution while leaving upstream pollution alone."

What, then, does "upstream pollution " mean ?

It means "production of offensive feces" by "abnormal gastrointestinal fermentation." Because the substances that cause offensive feces are substances that result from the putrefaction of protein (eggs, fish or meat), they are called "putrefied metabolites." In short, it is as if people who always excrete offensive feces were eating rotten eggs, fish and meat everyday. The difference is that if they were eating rotten food, they would get sick immediately, while in this case the food rots after they eat it, so it takes more time for them to get sick.

Therefore, it is important to lead a lifestyle which does not produce offensive feces. But now we have what can change offensive feces into clean feces as if by magic, that is Hydrogen Rich Water.

Copyright Water-Institute.org, Dr. Hayashi, MD. All rights reserved.

Dr. Hayashi's Original Hydrogen Rich Water Sticks will produce
6 months of Hydrogen Rich Water
under normal use and care.